2 . THE BODY OF THE PAPER
Typically , the body of a paper is organized into a hierarchical structure , with numbered or unnumbered headings for sections , subsections , sub-subsections , and even smaller sections . The command \ section that precedes this paragraph is part of such a hierarchy . 2 L A TEX handles the numbering and placement of these headings for you , when you use the appropriate heading commands around the titles of the headings . If you want a sub-subsection or smaller part to be unnumbered in your output , simply append an asterisk to the command name . Examples of both numbered and unnumbered headings will appear throughout the balance of this sample document .
Because the entire article is contained in the document environment , you can indicate the start of a new paragraph with a blank line in your input file ; that is why this sentence forms a separate paragraph .
2.1 Type Changes and Special Characters
We have already seen several typeface changes in this sample . You can indicate italicized words or phrases in your text with the command \ textit ; emboldening with the command \ textbf and typewriter-style ( for instance , for computer code ) with \ texttt . But remember , you do not have to indicate typestyle changes when such changes are part of the structural elements of your article ; for instance , the heading of this subsection will be in a sans serif 3 typeface , but that is handled by the document class file . Take care with the use of 4 the curly braces in typeface changes ; they mark the beginning and end of the text that is to be in the different typeface .
You can use whatever symbols , accented characters , or non- English characters you need anywhere in your document ; you can find a complete list of what is available in the L A TEX User ’ s Guide [ 5 ].
2.2 Math Equations
You may want to display math equations in three distinct styles : inline , numbered or non-numbered display . Each of the three are discussed in the next sections .
2.2.1 Inline ( In-text ) Equations
A formula that appears in the running text is called an inline or in-text formula . It is produced by the math environment , which can be invoked with the usual \ begin . . .\ end construction or with the short form $. . .$. You can use any of the symbols and structures , from α to ω , available in L A TEX [ 5 ]; this section will simply show a few examples of in-text equations in context . Notice how this equation : lim n→∞ x = 0 , set here in in-line math style , looks slightly different when set in display style . ( See next section ).
2.2.2 Display Equations
2 This is the second footnote . It starts a series of three footnotes that add nothing informational , but just give an idea of how footnotes work and look . It is a wordy one , just so you see how a longish one plays out . 3 A third footnote , here . Let ’ s make this a rather short one
to see how it looks . 4 A fourth , and last , footnote .
A numbered display equation – one set off by vertical space from the text and centered horizontally – is produced by the equation environment . An unnumbered display equation is produced by the displaymath environment .
Again , in either environment , you can use any of the symbols and structures available in L A TEX ; this section will just give a couple of examples of display equations in context . First , consider the equation , shown as an inline equation above :
lim x = 0 ( 1 ) n→∞
Notice how it is formatted somewhat differently in the displaymath environment . Now , we ’ ll enter an unnumbered equation :
∞∑ x + 1 i = 0 and follow it with another numbered equation : ∞∑ x i = i = 0
∫ π + 2
0 f ( 2 )
just to demonstrate L A TEX ’ s able handling of numbering .
2.3 Citations
Citations to articles [ 1 , 3 , 2 , 4 ], conference proceedings [ 3 ] or books [ 6 , 5 ] listed in the Bibliography section of your article will occur throughout the text of your article . You should use BibTeX to automatically produce this bibliography ; you simply need to insert one of several citation commands with a key of the item cited in the proper location in the . tex file [ 5 ]. The key is a short reference you invent to uniquely identify each work ; in this sample document , the key is the first author ’ s surname and a word from the title . This identifying key is included with each item in the . bib file for your article .
The details of the construction of the . bib file are beyond the scope of this sample document , but more information can be found in the Author ’ s Guide , and exhaustive details in the L A TEX User ’ s Guide [ 5 ].
This article shows only the plainest form of the citation command , using \ cite . This is what is stipulated in the SIGS style specifications . No other citation format is endorsed .
2.4 Tables
Because tables cannot be split across pages , the best placement for them is typically the top of the page nearest their initial cite . To ensure this proper “ floating ” placement of tables , use the environment table to enclose the table ’ s contents and the table caption . The contents of the table itself must go in the tabular environment , to be aligned properly in rows and columns , with the desired horizontal and vertical rules . Again , detailed instructions on tabular material is found in the L A TEX User ’ s Guide .
Immediately following this sentence is the point at which Table 1 is included in the input file ; compare the placement of the table here with the table in the printed dvi output of this document .